Lin Hsin Hsin Artificial Intelligence Center


FRONTIER MODELS
Frequency of Occurrence










🐜🗨











Frequency of Occurrence


MATTERS






Large Language Models (LLMs)
& Combinatorics





if frequency is ignored
300,000 words (or a large context) leads to wastage





The Combinatorial Explosion vs Real Frequency


The core issue is the gap between theoretical possibilities and actual occurrence.


📍 Theoretical Space


With a vocabulary of just 50,000 words, the number of possible sentences of even moderate length is astronomical (far exceeding the number of atoms in the universe) -- Yes, the combinatorial universe.


📍 Real Frequency


In reality, humans only use a tiny, highly structured fraction of these combinations. Meaningful language follows strict syntactic and semantic rules, making the frequency of occurrence of valid sentences highly non-uniform.


The Wastage


If a model (or a training strategy) treats all combinations as equally probable or attempts to enumerate them without weighting by frequency, it wastes immense


computational resources on nonsensical never-occurring sequences.


This is the wastageof computing power spent on the zero-frequencyor near-zero-frequency parts of the combinatorial space.